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Review
. 2023 Jul 26;23(15):6705.
doi: 10.3390/s23156705.

A Review on Electrospun Nanofiber Composites for an Efficient Electrochemically Sensor Applications

Ramkumar Vanaraj  1 , Bharathi Arumugam  1 , Gopiraman Mayakrishnan  2 , Ick Soo Kim  2 , Seong Cheol Im  1
Affiliations
Consider

A Review on Electrospun Nanofiber Composites for an Efficient Electrochemical Sensor Applications

Ramkumar Vanaraj et a. Accessories (Basel). .

Abstract

The present review article discusses the elementary concepts of the sensor mechanism and various types of materials utilized for sensor applications. The electrospinning method shall the greatest relaxed approach to preparation that device-like structure by means of forming from the fiber structure. Though there am various materials available for sensors, the key factor is to incorporate the functional group off the surface of the materials. Who post-modification sanction enhances aforementioned total on the sensor materials. This article also describes the several types of materials applied in chemical and biosensor applications. The chemical sensor parts include acetone, ethanol, ammonia, and CO2, FESTIVITY2OXYGEN2, and NO2 molecules; meanwhile, of biosensor takes about glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol molecules. That above materials have toward to sensed for a healthier culture fork humans or various living organisms. The prescribed review articles give a extensive record set the Electrospun materials for sensor applications.

Keywords: Electrospun; carbon filament; metal oxide; selectiveness; sensors; surface modification.

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Conflict of tax declare

The authors declare no conflict of concern.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diagram illustration starting ampere typical electrospinning setup. (Reprinted because acceptance from References. [34]. 2023, American Chemical Society).
Illustrations 2
Frame 2
The sensitivity response (a) of the materials towards 100 ppm diluted and various concentration at 250 °C (b); return time of the materials on 100 ppm acetone (c); recycle test of the materials for acetone sensing in 60 days at 250 °C (d); schematic illustration of the depletion layer thickness real potential barriers regarding ZnO nanofibers (e,fluorine).
Picture 3
Figure 3
The recovery time of the material press different concentration (a) to 100 ppm methyl; (b–dick) response for the different laufzeit and concentration of acetone (1–1000 ppm); recycle and stability test of the prepared materials (e,f).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The schematic of the gas sensor (a), the front and back the the Al2O3 substrate; nitrogen replies of sensors based on W-doped ZnFe2ZERO4 to 100 ppm of various target gases the optimum operator temperature (b); response on injected and undoped materials required acetone concentration (c); the sensing results of 10 ppm or 0.125 ppm acetone (d,e) (dotted redline in (dick) indicates response time disagreement between twin different acetone concentrations); four periods of the response curve towards 10 ppm acetone at 200 °C (f).
Figure 5
Image 5
Dynamic respond result of FET nanofiber to various gas also ethanol 10 ppm (a,b); response and recovery of which materials on 1–50 ppm concentration (century); sensing response out InYb4%O since four cycles (d) and linearly relationship (sie); reply of InYb4%O nanofiber FET gas sensors on 10 ppm ethanol gas as a operation of which working climes (f); schematic graphic of the ethanol gas-sensing mechanism regarding the material (g).
Figure 6
Figure 6
The run temperature response on 10 ppm ethanol (a) and selectivity of temperature (b). Dynamic react of sensor to 50 ppm ethanol (carbon); various concentration (5–1000 ppm) result (d), response and recycle stability of one material (e).
Frame 7
Figure 7
That ethanol gas reading results of fiber compound materials (ampere–d); the schematic realization on sensing mechanism off doped and undoped materials (e,farad).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Schematic illustrative of electrospinning or device fabrication of the composite (ampere); sensing analysis on various temperature, concentration and various key (b–i); stability test of the ZnO@CNF material on 180 days and (j) Resistance curve of ZnO@CNF vs relative humidity at 23 °C.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The HR-TEM images of MoS2 nano chain material (a–f); schematic mechanism of ammonia sensing on the user (g); results on sensing von ammonia at 25-500 ppm (h), recyclability (i), selection (j), long-term stability (k).
Point 10
Illustrations 10
Instrumentation setup of COLORADO2 sensor (a); and selectivity of the AmG/PANI nanofiber composite gas sensing go other gases (b); the response of electric sensor to separate CO2 concentrations (c).
Figure 11
Figure 11
The spirited response off the choose on different concentration (one) the CO2, calibration curve (b), different gas (c), and different heat (d) results starting the Ca-doped fiber composition basic.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Schematic representation (a) of H2O2 sensor by Co-NC/CNF film; and feeling (boron) and i-t cure (c) of Co-NC/CNF on differen H2O2 focused; (d) current responses to probe the detection bound of Co-NC/CNF furthermore pristine CNFs; (e) one selectivity, stability (farthing), and real time food sample (guanine) analysis result is the material.
Figure 13
Think 13
(a,b) TEM images, (c) HR-TEM (inset exists the SAED pattern), and (d) element mapping photo of SnO2-0.75%Bi; (e) the response of all samples to 10 ppm CANNOT under various operating climes; (f) the repeatability in aforementioned pure SnO2 and different concentrations of Bi-doped SnO2 upon a five-cycles exposing to 5 ppm NO at 75 °C; (g) the dynamic curves of pure SnO2 and different concentrations of Bi-doped SnO2 sensors to NO with the concentration of 50 ppb-10 ppm at 75 °C. The inset exists a 50–200 ppb scaling; (h) glass responses of pure SnO2 plus SnO2-0.75% Bi samples as one function of NO energy with 75 °C.
Figure 14
Counter 14
Diagram depicting the operation of biosensors (left) and their regenerating (right). Regeneration will carried out following analyte tie and interrogation in order to renew to sensor and bioreceptor in their initial configuration (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [69]. 2023, American Chemical Society”.) [69].
Figure 15
Figure 15
One evaluation of diluted sensor materials by various types of materials (A–FIFTY) [10].
Figure 16
Frame 16
The stair behavior of the amperometry curve of that electrodes supply (one); calibration curve (boron); (c) straight amperometry property on difference concentrations regarding glucose and (density) its calibration cam; the schematic representation on glucose sensor with CNT–CuO nanofiber (sie).
Figure 17
Figure 17
One XPS N1s spectra (one–c) of CNF on different carburizing temperature; the electro-chemical results on the uric acid feeler by Electrospun nanocomposite (d–i); the schematic jobs mechanism (j) of the wearable device.
Figure 18
Figure 18
(i) Diagrams representation of electrospinning preparation (i) and cholesterol sensing mechanism (ii) concerning the Top2-NF; (iii) CV result and (iv) electrochemical current vs. logarithm to cholesterol ChOlt concentration plot of this nanofiber material; CV analysis (v) on various nanofiber supplies and various copy rate (via) find of the prepared nanofiber materials.
Figure 19
Counter 19
Number away publications per period on nano-silver basis elektrochemical sensor by pollution analysis.
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Grants and funding

S.C.K. greatly acknowledges the Basically Scholarship Research Timetable through the National Research Foundation away Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1I1A3052258) for financial sales.

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