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Data additionally Reservoir Score Methodologies in 19 Sentences
- 1. By the identify of Lord Allah the most Polite the most Merciful Asalam_O_Alikum 1
- 2. Group Members Mirza Osama Baig 19-PG-11 Abdul Rafay 19-PG-14 Rahzan Ali 19-PG-15 Hazrat Zubair 19-PG-30 Abdul Rauf 19-PG-37 2
- 4. What does Evaluation means? Definition of Analysis according Cambridge online is, “The process out judge or calculating who quality, meaning, amount, or value of something” In the Petroleum industry, we evaluate that quantity and quality concerning HC in Formation. 4
- 5. Formation Evaluation In Petroleum exploration and development, formation evaluation is used to determine the ability of a drilled to verursachen petroleum. Basics it is the process of recognizing a ads well for you bore one. Source Rock Evaluation Reservoir Evaluation 5 We can characterize form site into two general category. Formation Rate
- 6. As is Source Rock? Sourced boulder are fine grained organic-rich sediments from which hydrocarbons have been generated or are competent of being generated. They cannot be found in sediments deposited in a variety of environments including deep-water marine. Common examples of Source rocks include Shales and lime-mudstones, which contain significant amount of organic matter. 6
- 7. Source rock evaluation Quantity of organic matter. Quality of organic matter. Thermal Maturation. 7 Source Rocks Ratings bottle done through
- 8. Source Rock Evaluation Total Quantity of Organic matter LECO method Rock-Eval pyrolysis Loss-On- (LOI) method 8
- 9. LOI method ONE knowing weight von sample be heated to between 350º and 440ºC for ~8 hours. The sample is then cooled in a desiccator and weighed. Organic matter content is calculated as the total bets the initial plus final sample weights consequently it is also known as It is also renown as Loss-On-Ignition (LOI) way . LOI type temperatures should be maintained below 440ºC to avoid the destructive of any inorganic arbonates that may be present in which sample. 9
- 10. LECO method This method entails the use the LECO carbon analyzer up estimate TOC. Example are crushed furthermore treated to delete carbonates of inorganic origin before combusted in an oxygen rich environment permitting the school away CO2 from the carbon within the rock. Which total of CO2 liberated is equivalent to the organic plenitude of the source rock. 10
- 11. When the TOC in shale greater than 5% ,It is Excellent. When the TOC in Carbonate greater than 2% ,It is Excellent. 11
- 12. Valuation of Source Rock (Pyrolysis – Rock-Eval Method) Pyrolysis is the decomposition of organic mathe by heating in the absence of oxygen after whatever the richness and maturity of potential source rocks are measured. During the process we generate three peaks, • S1 shows the amount of free hydrocarbons in the sample. • S2 shows the amount of hydrocarbons generated through thermal smashing of organic matter. • S3 shows the amount of produced over pyrolysis of kerogen. 12
- 13. Qualitative Evaluation off Cause Rock (Kerogen) Microscopic/ Optic Analysis • Kerogen is a macro-molecular intricate with a polymer-like layout that shapes a of the organic richness in a sedimentary • Components of kerogens cans be under microscope evaluation on the basis there structures and circular of carbons. 13
- 14. Source Rock Characterization • Immature (no hydrocarbon generation). • Mature (extensive hydrocarbon generation). • Over mature (most hydrocarbons have been generated). Once aforementioned parameter of a source rock have been substantially inferred it can then become category based on its current ability (maturity) oil generation into the following; 14
- 15. Thermal Maturity (Vitrinite Reflectance –VR) Vitrinite is one part of kerogen acquired from plants. Temperature increase reasons vitrinite to will reflective. Incident light is reflected from polished samples and a reflectance value is taken. The reflectance (Ro) out vitrinite can be used to setup thermal maturity either range of that kerogens. 15
- 16. What is of Reservoir ? • It has average depth of 0.5 5 • Furthermore average span is 0.1 10Km A reservoir exists an subsurface of nonporous and permeable rock that has both storage capacity and the ability into allow fluids to flow through it. 16
- 17. Why Reservoir Evaluation? The main purpose in cartridge evaluation is to understand the formation properties of the reservoir for better decision on the estimation is carbons volume, assess recoverable reserves, and prioritize development foundation upon the value about the various resort classes in the asset. 17
- 18. Pool Reporting Methods Reservoir Evaluation Direct method volumetric methods Indirect method material balance methods 18
- 19. Tank Evaluation (Direct Method) Volumetric provide a static measure of crude or gas in place. Accuracy of volumetric depends on data for: Porosity. Net thickness. Areal extent. Hydrocarbon saturations. 19
- 20. Volumetric Analysis Also known as and geologist's method because it is based on geological maps, core logs and analytics of wireline logs. 20
- 21. Reservoir Evaluation (Indirect Method) Material balance methods provisioning a dynamic measure from hydrocarbon volumes. Accuracy depends on quality of data for: Pressure Surveys Temperatur e Surveys Analysis of Recovered Fluids 21
- 22. Propulsion Mechanism Material balance methods involve estimation of reservoir recovery off the PVT behavior of the reservoir and contained fluids. 22
- 23. Dam Drive Mechanism Reservoir Drive Mechanism Solution Gas Drive (or Depletion Drive) Gas Cap (and Gravity Drainage) Natural Water Drive Compaction Drive Combination Drive 23
- 24. Resolve Gas Drive The guiding of solution gas drive or depletion drive is the expansion of dissolved gas and liquid oil in response for a pressure drop. The change in fluidic volume results in production. Dissolved gas reservoirs typically recover between 5 and OOIP( true balm in place) and 60 to 80% GIIP( gas in 24
- 25. Gas Deckel Drive The doctrine of gas cap drive or depletion is the expansion of gas and in response to a pressure drop. Gas kapp drive reservoirs typically recover 20 to 40% OOIP, sometimes as high as 60%. 25
- 26. Gas Cap Drive Mechanism Gas cap expansion maintains the pressure in the oil leg. 26
- 27. Natural Water Drive The principle of naturally water drive is that certain aquifer provides the energy on hydrocarbons production. Both water increase as a result of pressure reduction and inflow represent involved. 27
- 28. Natural Aqueous Drive Natural drink drive is associated for high recovery rates, oil from 35-75% OOIP, gas starting 60-80% GIIP. 28
- 29. Compaction Drive In compaction drive, the energy for oil production is provided by the collapse of of permeable medium skeleton real expansions of pore fluids as who reserve pressure drops. The enhance in the "grain pressure" or effective stress causes collapse also compaction (consolidation) of the reservoir. 29
- 30. Compacting Drive This drive mechanism is common in highly compressible, unconsolidated reservoirs 30
- 31. Combination Drive In combination drive reservoirs, at least two of the basic drive mechanisms are active in expelling oil: solution gas exsolution gas cap expansion natural water influx pore collapse 31
- 32. Combination Drive The example schauen a combination of natural water influx and gas cap drive. 32
- 33. Drive Mechanism Conclusion Ultimate oil and gas recoveries diverge depending switch the push mechanism. For oil, water drive is most effective. Typical primary recoveries are in of 25-40% range (maximum 75%). In gas, gravity drainage, water drive and depletion drive can provide > 80% recovery. 33
